Bullying is usually described as repeated or sustained behaviour that harms, intimidates, humiliates or excludes someone, often where there is an imbalance of power. In Irish workplaces, the joint Code of Practice published by the Health and Safety Authority and the Workplace Relations Commission makes the same distinction: an isolated incident of poor behaviour is not bullying, however unpleasant it felt at the time. Reasonable feedback about your work, given fairly, is not bullying either, even when it stings.
Therapy can support any of these, and the online format does not change what you are able to work on:
- Verbal bullying: insults, mocking, threats, relentless criticism
- Physical bullying: being hit, shoved, or having your things taken or damaged
- Social or relational bullying: rumours, being frozen out, other people turned against you
- Cyberbullying: messages, group chats, fake accounts, images shared without your consent
- School bullying: every school in Ireland is required to have an anti-bullying policy, see gov.ie
- Workplace bullying: being undermined, set up to fail, or having your work claimed by someone else
- Bullying you experienced as a child and are still carrying now
Common signs include dreading Monday morning, going quiet with friends, avoiding your phone, broken sleep, unexplained injuries, or confidence draining away faster than anything in your life seems to explain.
People often arrive saying they are probably being too sensitive. The impact is what matters, and the responsibility sits with the person doing the harm. Bullying tends to be enabled by ordinary things: group dynamics, someone misusing their authority, anonymity online, and places where concerns get quietly parked.